1930년대에 걸쳐 순양함 경쟁에 크게 영향을 준 1930년의 런던 조약의 이해를 돕기 위해 간단한 해설을 달았습니다. 영어 원문과 생략된 부분은
http://www.microworks.net/pacific/road_ ··· eaty.htm에서 참고하실 수 있습니다.
본문 읽기
London Conference of 1930
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PART I
Article 1
The High Contracting Parties agree not to exercise their rights to lay down the keels of capital ship replacement tonnage during the years 1931-1936 inclusive as provided in Chapter II, Part 3, of the Treaty for the Limitation of Naval Armament signed between them at Washington on 6 February 1922 and referred to in the present Treaty as the Washington Treaty.
This provision is without prejudice to the disposition relating to the replacement of ships accidentally lost or destroyed contained in Chapter II, Part 3, Section I, paragraph (c) of the said Treaty.
France and Italy may, however, build the replacement tonnage which they were entitled to lay down in 1927 and 1929 in accordance with the provisions of the said Treaty.
**신조 주력함 건조 금지 기간을 36년까지로 연장.
**사고 등의 이유로 상실된 함정의 대체는 가능.
**프랑스나 이태리는 27년과 29년에 건조가 허용되었던 함을 이 기간 중에도 건조 가능.
Article 2
1. The United States, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and Japan shall dispose of the following capital ships as provided in this Article:
United States:
"Florida".
"Utah".
"Arkansas" or "Wyoming".
United Kingdom:
"Benbow".
"Iron Duke".
"Marlborough".
"Emperor of India".
"Tiger".
Japan:
"Hiyei".
**이상의 함정을 추가로 폐기.
(a) Subject to the provisions of subparagraph (b), the above ships, unless converted to target use exclusively in accordance with Chapter II, Part 2, paragraph II(c) of the Washington Treaty, shall be scrapped in the following manner:
One of the ships to be scrapped by the United States, and two of those to be scrapped by the United Kingdom shall be rendered unfit for warlike service, in accordance with Chapter II, Part 2, paragraph III(b) of the Washington Treaty, within twelve months from the coming into force of the present Treaty. These ships shall be finally scrapped, in accordance with paragraph II(a) or (b) of the said Part 2, within twenty-four months from the said coming into force. In the case of the second of the ships to be scrapped by the United States, and of the third and fourth of the ships to be scrapped by the United Kingdom, the said periods shall be eighteen and thirty months respectively from the coming into force of the present Treaty.
**폐기 시기에 대한 내용.
(b) Of the ships to be disposed of under this Article, the following may be retained for training purposes:
by the United States:
"Arkansas" or "Wyoming".
by the United Kingdom:
"Iron Duke".
by Japan:
"Hiyei".
These ships shall be reduced to the condition prescribed in Section V of Annex II to Part II of the present Treaty. The work of reducing these vessels to the required condition shall begin, in the case of the United States and the United Kingdom within twelve months, and in the case of Japan within eighteen months from the coming into force of the present Treaty; the work shall be completed within six months of the expiration of the abovementioned periods.
**이상의 함정들은 연습함으로 보유 가능. 연습함으로 사용하기 위한 구체적 조건은 이 조약의 Part II의 Annex II의 Section V에서 다룸.
**미국은 아칸사스와 와이오밍 중 와이오밍을 연습함으로 사용.('5인치 대공포를 주포로 장비한 전함'사진이 유명함. - 대전 말기 대공 연습함 시절의 사진)
Any of these ships which are not retained for training purposes shall be rendered unfit for warlike service within eighteen months, and finally scrapped within thirty months, of the coming into force of the present Treaty.
**연습함으로 사용되지 않는 함정들의 비무장화 시기.
2. Subject to any disposal of capital ships which might be necessitated, in accordance with the Washington Treaty, by the building by France or Italy of the replacement tonnage referred to in Article 1 of the present Treaty, all existing capital ships mentioned in Chapter II, Part 3, Section II of the Washington Treaty and not designated above to be disposed of may be retained during the term of the present Treaty.
**프랑스와 이태리의 전함들은 대체함을 건조하지 않는 이상 기존에 보유하던 함정을 그대로 보유 가능.
3. The right of replacement is not lost by delay in laying down replacement tonnage, and the old vessel may be retained until replaced even though due for scrapping under Chapter II, Part 3, Section II of the Washington Treaty.
**대체함 건조가 지연되더라도 대체함 건조 권리를 잃는 것이 아님. 대체함 건조가 지연되는 만큼 기존 함정을 더 오래동안 사용할 수 있음.
Article 3
1. For the purposes of the Washington Treaty, the definition of an aircraft carrier given in Chapter II, Part 4, of the said Treaty is hereby replaced by the following definition:
The expression "aircraft carrier" includes any surface vessel of war, whatever its displacement, designed for the specific and exclusive purpose of carrying aircraft and so constructed that aircraft can be launched therefrom and landed thereon.
**워싱턴 조약의 '항공모함'은 배수량 1만톤 이상임을 악용해 '류조'와 같은 배수량 1만톤 이하의 항모를 건조하는 것을 막기 위해 배수량 기준을 없앴음.
2. The fitting of a landing-on or flying-off platform or deck on a capital ship, cruiser or destroyer, provided such vessel was not designed or adapted exclusively as an aircraft carrier, shall not cause any vessel so fitted to be charged against or classified in the category of aircraft carriers.
**항공기 이착륙만을 위해 건조되는 것이 아닌 경우 주력함이나 순양함, 구축함(!)에도 비행갑판을 설치할 수 있음. 이런 함정들은 항모로 분류되지 않기에 항모 규정의 제한을 받거나 항모 총배수량에서 제외됨.
**이 조항으로 인해 '항공 전함' '항공 순양함'이 가능해짐.
**이 조항은 렉싱턴과 사라토가가 할당된 항모 총배수량의 절반을 차지해서 항모를 수적으로 충분히 확보하기 어렵게 된 미국측의 주장에 의해 추가되었음.
**해석론으로 landing-on or flying-off 라고 규정했기에 착함 갑판이나 이함 갑판 둘 중 하나만 가진 배만 설계할 수 있다고 보는 사람도 있었음.
3. No capital ship in existence on 1 April 1930 shall be fitted with a landing-on platform or deck.
**1930년 4월 1일 기준으로 현존하는 주력함에는 비행갑판 설치가 금지됨.
Article 4
1. No aircraft carrier of 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) or less standard displacement mounting a gun above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre shall be acquired by or constructed by or for any of the High Contracting Parties.
2. As from the coming into force of the present Treaty in respect of all the High Contracting Parties, no aircraft carrier of 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) or less standard displacement mounting a gun above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre shall be constructed within the jurisdiction of any of the High Contracting Parties.
**6.1인치 이상의 함포를 장비하는 배수량 1만톤 이하의 항공모함 건조 금지.
Article 5
An aircraft carrier must not be designed and constructed for carrying a more powerful armament than that authorised by Article IX or Article X of the Washington Treaty, or by Article 4 of the present Treaty, as the case may be.
Wherever in the said Articles IX and X the calibre of 6 inches (152 mm) is mentioned, the calibre of 6.1 inches (155 mm) is substituted therefor.
**워싱턴 조약의 Article IX 과 Article X도 이 조약의 Article 4와 함께 계속 적용.
**단 워싱턴 조약에서 6인치(152mm)로 규정한 부분은 6.1인치(155mm)로 수정 적용.
PART II
Article 6
1. The rules for determining standard displacement prescribed in Chapter II, Part 4 of the Washington Treaty shall apply to all surface vessels of war of each of the High Contracting Parties.
2. The standard displacement of a submarine is the surface displacement of the vessel complete (exclusive of the water in non-watertight structure) fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament and ammunition, equipment, outfit, provisions for crew, miscellaneous stores, and implements of every description that are intended to be carried in war, but without fuel, lubricating oil, fresh water or ballast water of any kind on board.
3. Each naval combatant vessel shall be rated at its displacement tonnage when in the standard condition. The word "ton" except in the expression "metric tons", shall be understood to be the ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016 kg).
**'기준 배수량' 개념은 모든 전투함에 적용.
**잠수함의 '기준 배수량'에 대해서도 규정.
Article 7
1. No submarine the standard displacement of which exceeds 2,000 tons (2,032 metric tons) or with a gun above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre shall be acquired by or constructed by or for any of the High Contracting Parties.
2. Each of the High Contracting Parties may, however, retain, build or acquire a maximum number of three submarines of a standard displacement not exceeding 2,800 tons (2,845 metric tons); these submarines may carry guns not above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre. Within this number, France may retain one unit, already launched, of 2,880 tons (2,926 metric tons), with guns the calibre of which is 8 inches (203 mm).
3. The High Contracting Parties may retain the submarines which they possessed on 1 April 1930 having a standard displacement not in excess of 2,000 tons (2,032 metric tons) and armed with guns above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre.
4. As from the coming into force of the present Treaty in respect of all the High Contracting Parties, no submarine the standard displacement of which exceeds 2,000 tons (2,032 metric tons) or with a gun above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre shall be constructed within the jurisdiction of any of the High Contracting Parties, except as provided in paragraph 2 of this Article.
**배수량 2000톤 이상이거나 5.1인치 함포 이상을 장비한 잠수함의 건조 금지.
**단 3척까지는 2800톤 이내에 6.1인치 함포 이내의 잠수함을 보유/건조 가능.
**프랑스는 이미 건조한 2880톤/8인치 함포를 장비한 항모를 보유할 수 있음.
Article 8
Subject to any special agreements which may submit them to limitation, the following vessels are exempt from limitation:
(a) Naval surface combatant vessels of 600 tons (610 metric tons) standard displacement and under;
(b) Naval surface combatant vessels exceeding 600 tons (610 metric tons), but not exceeding 2,000 tons (2,032 metric tons) standard displacement, provided they have none of the following characteristics:
(1) Mount a gun above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre;
(2) Mount more than four guns above 3 inch (76 mm) calibre;
(3) Are designed or fitted to launch torpedoes;
(4) Are designed for a speed greater than twenty knots.
(c) Naval surface vessels not specifically built as fighting ships which are employed on fleet duties or as troop transports or in some other way than as fighting ships, provided they have none of the following characteristics:
(1) Mount a gun above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre;
(2) Mount more than four guns above 3 inch (76 mm) calibre;
(3) Are designed or fitted to launch torpedoes:
(4) Are designed for a speed greater than twenty knots;
(5) Are protected by armour plate;
(6) Are designed or fitted to launch mines;
(7) Are fitted to receive aircraft on board from the air;
(8) Mount more than one aircraft-launching apparatus on the centre line; or two, one on each broadside;
(9) If fitted with any means of launching aircraft into the air, are designed or adapted to operate at sea more than three aircraft.
**배수량이 600톤 이하인 전투함이나.
**배수량이 600톤 이상, 2000톤 이하의 전투함 중 6.1인치 이하의 함포를 장비하고, 3인치 이상의 함포를 4문까지만 장비하고, 어뢰를 장비하지 않고, 최고 속도가 20노트 이하이거나.
**지원함이나 병력 수송함으로 6.1인치 이하의 함포를 장비하고, 3인치 함포를 4문까지만 장비하고, 어뢰를 장비하지 않고, 최고 속도가 20노트 이하에 장갑 방어를 실시하지 않고, 기뢰 부설 장비도 없으며 항공기의 착함 설비도 없고, 캐터펄트는 1개거나 양현에 하나씩만 장비하며 탑재기는 3대 이하인 함정들.
**이상의 함정들은 건조에 제한을 받지 않음.
Article 9
The rules as to replacement contained in Annex I to this Part II are applicable to vessels of war not exceeding 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement, with the exception of aircraft carriers, whose replacement is governed by the provisions of the Washington Treaty.
**Part II의 Annex I에서 규정한 대체 건조 조항은 항공모함을 제외한 1만톤 이하 함정에 적용.
Article 10
Within one month after the date of laying down and the date of completion respectively of each vessel of war, other than capital ships, aircraft carriers and the vessels exempt from limitation under Article 8, laid down or completed by or for them after the coming into force of the present Treaty, the High Contracting Parties shall communicate to each of the other High Contracting Parties the information detailed below:
(a) The date of laying the keel and the following particulars:
Classification of the vessel;
Standard displacement in tons and metric tons;
Principal dimensions, namely: length at water-line, extreme beam at or below water-line;
Mean draft at standard displacement;
Calibre of the largest gun.
(b) The date of completion together with the foregoing particulars relating to the vessel at that date.
The information to be given in the case of capital ships and aircraft carriers is governed by the Washington Treaty.
**함정 건조시의 고지 의무.
Article 11
Subject to the provisions of Article 2 of the present Treaty, the rules for disposal contained in Annex II to this Part II shall be applied to all vessels of war to be disposed of under the said Treaty, and to aircraft carriers as defined in Article 3.
**Part II의 Annex II에서 규정된 폐기 규정은 이 조약의 Article 2에서 규정한 경우를 제외하고는 모든 함정에 적용.
Article 12
1. Subject to any supplementary agreements which may modify, as between the High Contracting Parties concerned, the lists in Annex III to this Part II, the special vessels shown therein may be retained and their tonnage shall not be included in the tonnage subject to limitation.
2. Any other vessel constructed, adapted or acquired to serve the purposes for which these special vessels are retained shall be charged against the tonnage of the appropriate combatant category, according to the characteristics of the vessel, unless such vessel conforms to the characteristics of vessels exempt from limitation under Article 8.
3. Japan may, however, replace the minelayers "Aso" and "Tokiwa" by two new minelayers before 31 December 1936. The standard displacement of each of the new vessels shall not exceed 5,000 tons (5,080 metric tons) their speed shall not exceed twenty knots, and their other characteristics shall conform to the provisions of paragraph (b) of Article 8. The new vessels shall be regarded as special vessels and their tonnage shall not be chargeable to the tonnage of any combatant category. The "Aso" and "Tokiwa" shall be disposed of in accordance with Section I or II of Annex II to this Part II, on completion of the replacement vessels.
4. The "Asama", "Yakumo", "Izumo", "Iwate" and "Kasuga" shall be disposed of in accordance with Section I or II of Annex II to this Part II when the first three vessels of the "Kuma" class have been replaced by new vessels. These three vessels of the "Kuma" class shall be reduced to the condition prescribed in Section V, sub-paragraph (b)2 of Annex II to this Part II, and are to be used for training ships, and their tonnage shall not thereafter be included in the tonnage subject to limitation.
**Part II의 Annex III에서 규정된 특수 함정들은 배수량 제한과는 무관하게 보유 가능.
**이런 함정들을 대체하기 위한 함정들은 Article 8에 해당되지 않는 이상 해당 카테고리의 배수량을 사용해서 건조해야 함.
**일본은 1936년 12월 31일까지 두척의 기뢰 부설함을 교체 가능. 배수량 5000톤, 최고 속도 20노트, 그리고 Article 8의 (b)의 규정 내에서 건조해야 함. 이 두척은 특수 함정으로 간주되어 다른 카테고리의 배수량에 포함되지 않음. 교체되는 2척은 폐기 규정에 따라 폐기되어야 함.
**일본의 5척의 구식 순양함들은 '쿠마'급 순양함 3척이 새로운 함정으로 대체될때 교체할 수 있음. 이 함정들은 해당 카테고리의 배수량에 포함되지 않음.
Article 13
Existing ships of various types, which, prior to 1 April 1930, have been used as stationary training establishments or hulks, may be retained in a non-seagoing condition.
**1930년 4월 1일 이전에 연습함이나 창고함 등으로 계류되어 있는 함정들은 이 상태를 유지해아 함.
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ANNEX I
RULES FOR REPLACEMENT
Section I
Except as provided in Section III of this Annex and Part III of the present Treaty, a vessel shall not be replaced before it becomes "over-age". A vessel shall be deemed to be "over-age" when the following number of years have elapsed since the date of its completion:
(a) For a surface vessel exceeding 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) but not exceeding 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement:
(i) If laid down before 1 January 1920: 16 years;
(ii) If laid down after 31 December 1919: 20 years.
(b) For a surface vessel not exceeding 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement:
(i) If laid down before 1 January 1921: 12 years;
(ii) If laid down after 31 December 1920: 16 years.
(c) For a submarine: 13 years.
The keels of replacement tonnage shall not be laid down more than three years before the year in which the vessel to be replaced becomes "over-age"; but this period is reduced to two years in the case of any replacement surface vessel not exceeding 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standards displacement.
The right of replacement is not lost by delay in laying down replacement tonnage.
**대체 건조가 가능해지는 함령에 대한 규정들.
**대체함의 건조를 언제부터 시작할 수 있는가에 대한 규정들.
**당연히 대체함 건조가 지연되더라도 대체함 건조 권리를 잃는 것이 아님.
Section II
Except as otherwise provided in the present Treaty, the vessel or vessels, whose retention would cause the maximum tonnage permitted in the category to be exceeded, shall, on the completion or acquisition of replacement tonnage, be disposed of in accordance with Annex II to this Part II.
**대체함 건조로 인해 카테고리별 보유량 제한을 초과할 경우 Annex II의 규정에 따라 폐기해야 함.
Section III
In the event of loss or accidental destruction a vessel may be immediately replaced.
**사고로 인해 상실된 함정은 즉시 교체 가능.
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ANNEX II
RULES FOR DISPOSAL OF VESSELS OF WAR
The present Treaty provides for the disposal of vessels of war in the following ways:
(i) By scrapping (sinking or breaking up);
(ii) By converting the vessel to a hulk;
(iii) By converting the vessel to target use exclusively;
(iv) By retaining the vessel exclusively for experimental purposes;
(v) By retaining the vessel exclusively for training purposes.
Any vessel of war to be disposed of, other than a capital ship, may either be scrapped or converted to a hulk at the option of the High Contracting Party concerned.
Vessels, other than capital ships, which have been retained for target, experimental or training purposes, shall finally be scrapped or converted to hulks.
**함정 폐기 방법에 대한 규정들.
**해체하던지, 창고함으로 쓰던지, 표적함으로 쓰던지, 실험함으로 쓰던지, 연습함으로 쓰던지.
**주력함을 제외하고는 해체하던지 창고함으로만 쓸 수 있음.
**표적함이나 실험함, 연습함으로 쓰던 주력함이 아닌 함정들은 해체하던지 창고함으로 사용해야 함.
Section I
Vessels to be scrapped
(a) A vessel to be disposed of by scrapping, by reason of its replacement, must be rendered incapable of warlike service within six months of the date of the completion of its successor, or of the first of its successors if there are more than one. If, however, the completion of the new vessel or vessels be delayed, the work of rendering the old vessel incapable of warlike service shall, nevertheless, be completed within four and a half years from the date of laying the keel of the new vessel, or of the first of the new vessels, but should the new vessel, or any of the new vessels, be a surface vessel not exceeding 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement, this period is reduced to three and a half years.
(b) A vessel to be scrapped shall be considered incapable of warlike service when there shall have been removed and landed or else destroyed in the ship:
(1) All guns and essential parts of guns, fire control tops and revolving parts of all barbettes and turrets;
(2) All hydraulic or electric machinery for operating turrets;
(3) All fire control instruments and range-finders;
(4) All ammunition, explosives, mines and mine rails;
(5) All torpedoes, war heads, torpedo tubes and training racks;
(6) All wireless telegraphy installations;
(7) All main propelling machinery, or alternatively the armoured conning tower and all side armour plate;
(8) All aircraft cranes, derricks, lifts and launching apparatus. All landing-on or flying-off platforms and decks, or alternatively all main propelling machinery;
(9) In addition, in the case of submarines, all main storage batteries, air compressor plants and ballast pumps.
(c) Scrapping shall be finally effected in either of the following ways within twelve months of the date on which the work of rendering the vessel incapable of warlike service is due for completion:
(1) Permanent sinking of the vessel;
(2) Breaking the vessel up; this shall always include the destruction or removal of all machinery, boilers and armour, and all deck, side and bottom plating.
**해체 시기, 방법에 대한 규정들.
Section II
Vessels to be converted to hulks
A vessel to be disposed of by conversion to a hulk shall be considered finally disposed of when the conditions prescribed in Section I, paragraph (b), have been complied with, omitting sub-paragraphs (6), (7) and (8), and when the following have been effected:
(1) Mutilation beyond repair of all propeller shafts, thrust blocks, turbine gearing or main propelling motors, and turbines or cylinders of main engines;
(2) Removal of propeller brackets;
(3) Removal and breaking up of all aircraft lifts, and the removal of all aircraft cranes, derricks and launching apparatus.
The vessel must be put in the above condition within the same limits of time as provided in Section I for rendering a vessel incapable of warlike service.
**창고함으로 개조할 경우에 대한 규정들.
Section III
Vessels to be converted to target use
(a) A vessel to be disposed of by conversion to target use exclusively shall be considered incapable of warlike service when there have been removed and landed, or rendered unserviceable on board, the following:
(1) All guns;
(2) All fire control tops and instruments and main fire control communication wiring;
(3) All machinery for operating gun mountings or turrets;
(4) All ammunition, explosives, mines, torpedoes and torpedo tubes;
(5) All aviation facilities and accessories.
The vessel must be put into the above condition within the same limits of time as provided in Section I for rendering a vessel incapable of warlike service.
(b) In addition to the rights already possessed by each High Contracting Party under the Washington Treaty, each High Contracting Party is permitted to retain, for target use exclusively, at any one time:
(1) Not more than three vessels (cruisers or destroyers), but of these three vessels only one may exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement;
(2) One submarine.
(c) On retaining a vessel for target use, the High Contracting Party concerned undertakes not to recondition it for warlike service.
**표적함으로 사용할 경우에 대한 규정들.
**워싱턴 조약으로 보유가 허용된 경우(주력함 1척) 외에 구축함이나 순양함 중 3척까지를 보유가능. (3000톤을 넘는 함정은 한척만)
**잠수함 1척 보유 가능.
**표적함을 전투함으로 복원하는 것은 금지.
Section IV
Vessels retained for experimental purposes
(a) A vessel to be disposed of by conversion to experimental purposes exclusively shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Section III(a) of this Annex.
(b) Without prejudice to the general rules, and provided that due notice be given to the other High Contracting Parties, reasonable variation from the conditions prescribed in Section III(a) of this Annex, in so far as may be necessary for the purposes of a special experiment, may be permitted as a temporary measure.
Any High Contracting Party taking advantage of this provision is required to furnish full details of any such variations and the period for which they will be required.
(c) Each High Contracting Party is permitted to retain for experimental purposes exclusively at any one time:
(1) Not more than two vessels (cruisers or destroyers), but of these two vessels only one may exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement;
(2) One submarine.
(d) The United Kingdom is allowed to retain, in their present conditions, the monitor "Roberts" the main armament guns and mountings of which have been mutilated, and the seaplane carrier "Ark Royal", until no longer required for experimental purposes. The retention of these two vessels is without prejudice to the retention of vessels permitted under (c) above.
(e) On retaining a vessel for experimental purposes the High Contracting Party concerned undertakes not to recondition it for warlike service.
**실험함으로 사용할 경우에 대한 규정.
**실험 목적을 위한 일시적 장비 설치를 빼고는 표적함과 같은 수준으로 무장 해제가 되어야 함.
**구축함이나 순양함 중 2척까지를 보유가능. (3000톤을 넘는 함정은 한척만)
**잠수함 1척 보유 가능.
**영국은 모니터함 '로버트'와 수상기모함 '아크 로얄'을 실험함으로 보유 가능. 이 두척은 위의 보유 가능한 실험함 두척에 포함되지 않음.
**실험함을 전투함으로 복원하는 것은 금지.
Section V
Vessels retained for training purposes
(a) In addition to the rights already possessed by any High Contracting Party under the Washington Treaty, each High Contracting Party is permitted to retain for training purposes exclusively the following vessels:
United States: 1 capital ship ("Arkansas" or "Wyoming");
France: 2 surface vessels, one of which may exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement;
United Kingdom: 1 capital ship ("Iron Duke");
Italy: 2 surface vessels, one of which may exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) standard displacement;
Japan: 1 capital ship ("Hiyei") 3 cruisers ("Kuma" class).
(b) Vessels retained for training purposes under the provisions of paragraph (a) shall, within six months of the date on which they are required to be disposed of, be dealt with as follows:
1. Capital ships
The following is to be carried out:
(1) Removal of main armament guns, revolving parts of all barbettes and turrets; machinery for operating turrets; but three turrets with their armament may be retained in each ship;
(2) Removal of all ammunition and explosives in excess of the quantity required for target practice training for the guns remaining on board;
(3) Removal of conning tower and the side armour belt between the foremost and aftermost barbettes;
(4) Removal or mutilation of all torpedo tubes;
(5) Removal or mutilation on board of all boilers in excess of the number required for a maximum speed of eighteen knots.
(b) Other surface vessels retained by France, Italy and Japan
The following is to be carried out:
(1) Removal of one half of the guns, but four guns of main calibre may be retained on each vessel;
(2) Removal of all torpedo tubes;
(3) Removal of all aviation facilities and accessories;
(4) Removal of one half of the boilers.
(c) The High Contracting Party concerned undertakes that vessels retained in accordance with the provisions of this Section shall not be used for any combatant purpose.
**연습함 보유에 대한 규정들.(보유 가능한 함정과 보유시 제거해야 하는 장비들)
**역시 전투함으로 사용할 수 없음.
**히에이는 연습함이 되었다가 일본이 해군 군축 조약을 탈퇴한 후 다시 전투함으로 복원됨.
**쿠마급 3척은 연습 목적으로 사용하던 특수 함정들을 해체하지 않아서 결국 연습함으로 사용되지 않음.
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ANNEX III
SPECIAL VESSELS
(생략)
**특수 목적으로 보유하는 함정들의 목록.
PART III
The President of the United States of America, His Majesty the King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, and His Majesty the Emperor of Japan, have agreed as between themselves to the provisions of this Part III:
Article 14
The naval combatant vessels of the United States, the British Commonwealth of Nations and Japan, other than capital ships, aircraft carriers and all vessels exempt from limitation under Article 8, shall be limited during the term of the present Treaty as provided in this Part III, and, in the case of special vessels, as provided in Article 12.
**주력함, 항공모함, Article 8과 Article 12에 규정된 함정을 제외하고는 Part III의 제한에 따른다.
Article 15
For the purpose of this Part III the definition of the cruiser and destroyer categories shall be as follows:
Cruisers
Surface vessels of war, other than capital ships or aircraft carriers, the standard displacement of which exceeds 1,850 tons (1,880 metric tons), or with a gun above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre.
The cruiser category is divided into two sub-categories, as follows:
(a) Cruisers carrying a gun above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre;
(b) Cruisers carrying a gun not above 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre.
**주력함이나 항공모함을 제외한 군함 중 배수량 1850톤 이상, 혹은 5.1인치 이상의 함포를 탑재한 함정을 순양함으로 분류한다.
**순양함은 6.1인치를 넘는 함포를 탑재하는가의 여부로 다시 두 종류로 분류된다.
**Sub-category A, 혹은 갑급(甲級), 중순양함.
**Sub-category B, 혹은 을급(乙級), 경순양함.
**배수량이나 목적이 아니라 오로지 주포 구경에 따라 분류된다는 점에 유의.
Destroyers
Surface vessels of war the standard displacement of which does not exceed 1,850 tons (1,880 metric tons), and with a gun not above 5.1 inch (130 mm) calibre.
**배수량 1850톤 이하, 5.1인치 이하의 함포를 탑재한 함정이 구축함.
Article 16
1. The completed tonnage in the cruiser, destroyer and submarine categories which is not to be exceeded on 31 December 1936 is given in the following table:
**각국의 순양함 보유 허용량.
Categories United States British Commonwealth of Nations Japan
Cruisers:
(a) with guns of more than 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre 180,000 tons 146,800 tons 108,400 tons
(b) with guns of 6.1 inch (155 mm) calibre or less 143,500 tons 192,200 tons 100,450 tons
Destroyers: 150,000 tons 150,000 tons 105,500 tons
Submarines 52,700 tons 52,700 tons 52,700 tons
2. Vessels which cause the total tonnage in any category to exceed the figures given in the foregoing table shall be disposed of gradually during the period ending on 31 December 1936.
**허용량을 넘는 함정들은 1936년 12월 31일까지 폐기되어야 함.
3. The maximum number of cruisers of sub-category (a) shall be as follows: for the United States, eighteen; for the British Commonwealth of Nations, fifteen; for Japan, twelve.
**Sub-category A, 혹은 갑급(甲級), 중순양함의 국가별 보유 가능 척수 - 미국 18척, 영국 15척, 일본 12척.
4. In the destroyer category not more than sixteen percent of the allowed total tonnage shall be employed in vessels of over 1,500 tons (1,524 metric tons) standard displacement. Destroyers completed or under construction on 1 April 1930 in excess of this percentage may be retained, but no other destroyers exceeding 1,500 tons (1,524 metric tons) standard displacement shall be constructed or acquired until a reduction to such sixteen percent has been effected.
**구축함의 총배수량 중 16%만 배수량 1500톤 이상으로 건조할 수 있다. 1930년 4월 1일 현재 완성되었거나 건조 중인 함정은 보유가 허용되지만, 1500톤 이상의 구축함이 총 배수량 중 16% 이하로 떨어지기 전에는 1500톤 이상의 구축함을 건조할 수 없다.
5. Not more than twenty-five percent of the allowed total tonnage in the cruiser category may be fitted with a landing-on platform or deck for aircraft.
**순양함의 총배수량 중 25%이하만 비행갑판을 설치할 수 있다.
6. It is understood that the submarines referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Article 7 will be counted as part of the total submarine tonnage of the High Contracting Party concerned.
**2000톤 이상의 대형 잠수함도 잠수함의 총배수량에 포함된다.
7. The tonnage of any vessels retained under Article 13 or disposed of in accordance with Annex II to Part II of the present Treaty shall not be included in the tonnage subject to limitation.
**Article 13이나 Part II의 Annex II에 속하는 함정들은 총배수량 제한에 포함되지 않는다.
Article 17
A transfer not exceeding ten percent of the allowed total tonnage of the category or sub-category into which the transfer is to be made shall be permitted between cruisers of sub-category (b) and destroyers.
**구축함과 순양함 sub-category (b) 사이에는 총배수량의 10% 내에서 이전이 가능하다.(즉 남는 총배수량을 상대 카테고리가 사용할 수 있다는 이야기)
Article 18
The United States contemplates the completion by 1935 of fifteen cruisers of sub-category (a) of an aggregate tonnage of 150,000 tons (152,400 metric tons). For each of the three remaining cruisers of sub-category (a) which it is entitled to construct the United States may elect to substitute 15,166 tons (15,409 metric tons) of cruisers of sub-category (b). In case the United States shall construct one or more of such three remaining cruisers of sub-category (a), the sixteenth unit will not be laid down before 1933 and will not be completed before 1936; the seventeenth will not be laid down before 1934 and will not be completed before 1937; the eighteenth will not be laid down before 1935 and will not be completed before 1938.
**미국은 1935년까지 15척의 sub-category (a) 순양함을 건조할 수 있다.(15만톤) 나머지 3척분은 한척당 15166톤으로 계산해서 sub-category (b) 순양함을 건조할 수 있다.
**만약 이 세척을 sub-category (a)로 건조한다면 첫번째 함정은 1933년 이후에 건조를 시작해서 1936년 이후에 완성, 다음은 1934년 시작, 1937년 완성, 마지막은 1935년 시작, 1938년 이후에 완성해야 한다.
**실제로 1934년까지 15척의 8인치 순양함을 취역시킨 후 16번째인 CA-39 퀸시가 1936년, 17번째인 CA-44인 빈센스가 1937년, 18번째인 CA-45 위치타가 1939년 완성되었다.
Article 19
Except as provided in Article 20, the tonnage laid down in any category subject to limitation in accordance with Article 16 shall not exceed the amount necessary to reach the maximum allowed tonnage of the category, or to replace vessels that become "over-age" before 31 December 1936. Nevertheless, replacement tonnage may be laid down for cruisers and submarines that become "over-age" in 1937, 1938 and 1939, and for destroyers that become "over-age" in 1937 and 1938.
**1936년 12월 31일까지, Article 20의 예외를 제외하고는 Article 16에 제한된 배수량을 채우기 위한 것 이외의 건조는 허용되지 않는다.(이 기간 중에는 수명 초과로 인한 대체함 건조도 금지됨) 다만, 1937년 이후에 수명 초과가 되는 함정들을 교체하기 위한 건조는 허용된다.
Article 20
Notwithstanding the rules for replacement contained in Annex I to Part II:
(a) The "Frobisher" and "Effingham" (United Kingdom) may be disposed of during the year 1936. Apart from the cruisers under construction on 1 April 1930, the total replacement tonnage of cruisers to be completed, in the case of the British Commonwealth of Nations, prior to 31 December 1936, shall not exceed 91,000 tons (92,456 metric tons).
(b) Japan may replace the "Tama" by new construction to be completed during the year 1936.
(c) In addition to replacing destroyers becoming "over-age" before 31 December 1936, Japan may lay down, in each of the years 1935 and 1936, not more than 5,200 tons (5,283 metric tons) to replace part of the vessels that become "over-age" in 1938 and 1939.
(d) Japan may anticipate replacement during the term of the present Treaty by laying down not more than 19,200 tons (19,507 metric tons) of submarine tonnage, of which not more than 12,000 tons (12,192 metric tons) shall be completed by 31 December 1936.
**Part II의 Annex I에 대한 예외 규정들.
Article 21
If, during the term of the present Treaty, the requirements of the national security of any High Contracting Party in respect of vessels of war limited by Part III of the present Treaty are in the opinion of that Party materially affected by new construction of any Power other than those who have joined in Part III of this Treaty, that High Contracting Party will notify the other Parties to Part III as to the increase required to be made in its own tonnages within one or more of the categories of such vessels of war, specifying particularly the proposed increases and the reasons therefor, and shall be entitled to make such increase. Thereupon the other Parties to Part III of this Treaty shall be entitled to make a proportionate increase in the category or categories specified; and the said other Parties shall promptly advise with each other through diplomatic channels as to the situation thus presented.
**조약 미가입국의 건조로 인해 Part III의 제한이 부조리해질 경우에 대한 대처 방법.
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PART IV
Article 22
The following are accepted as established rules of International Law:
(1) In their action with regard to merchant ships, submarines must conform to the rules of International Law to which surface vessels are subject.
(2) In particular, except in the case of persistent refusal to stop on being duly summoned, or of active resistance to visit or search, a warship, whether surface vessel or submarine, may not sink or render incapable of navigation a merchant vessel without having first placed passengers, crew and ship's papers in a place of safety. For this purpose the ship's boats are not regarded as a place of safety unless the safety of the passengers and crew is assured, in the existing sea and weather conditions, by the proximity of land, or the presence of another vessel which is in a position to take them on board.
The High Contracting Parties invite all other Powers to express their assent to the above rules.
**상선 공격시 잠수함/수상함의 행동 규칙.
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PART V
Article 23
The present Treaty shall remain in force until 31 December 1936, subject to the following exceptions:
(1) Part IV shall remain in force without limit of time;
(2) The provisions of Articles 3, 4 and 5, and of Article 11 and Annex II to Part II so far as they relate to aircraft carriers, shall remain in force for the same period as the Washington Treaty.
Unless the High Contracting Parties should agree otherwise by reason of a more general agreement limiting naval armaments, to which they all become parties, they shall meet in conference in 1935 to frame a new treaty to replace and to carry out the purposes of the present Treaty, it being understood that none of the provisions of the present Treaty shall prejudice the attitude of any of the High Contracting Parties at the conference agreed to.
**조약 만료 시기는 1936년 12월 31일.
**Part IV의 상선 공격에 대한 규정은 만료 시기가 없음.
**Articles 3,4,5와 Part II의 Annex II는 워싱턴 조약과 만료 시기가 같음.
**다른 해군 군축 조약이 체결되지 않는 한, 1935년에 조약 갱신을 위해 다시 회담을 가짐.
Article 24
1. The present Treaty shall be ratified by the High Contracting Parties in accordance with their respective constitutional methods and the ratifications shall be deposited at London as soon as possible. Certified copies of all the proces-verbaux of the deposit of ratifications will be transmitted to the Governments of all the High Contracting Parties.
2. As soon as the ratifications of the United States of America, of His Majesty the King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Emperor of India, in respect of each and all of the Members of the British Commonwealth of Nations as enumerated in the preamble of the present Treaty, and of His Majesty the Emperor of Japan have been deposited, the Treaty shall come into force in respect of the said High Contracting Parties.
3. On the date of the coming into force referred to in the preceding paragraph, Parts I, II, IV and V of the present Treaty will come into force in respect of the French Republic and the Kingdom of Italy if their ratifications have been deposited at that date; otherwise these Parts will come into force in respect of each of those Powers on the deposit of its ratification.
4. The rights and obligations resulting from Part III of the present Treaty are limited to the High Contracting Parties mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article. The High Contracting Parties will agree as to the date on which, and the conditions under which, the obligations assumed under the said Part III by the High Contracting Parties mentioned in paragraph 2 of this Article will bind them in relation to France and Italy; such agreement will determine at the same time the corresponding obligations of France and Italy in relation to the other High Contracting Parties.
**조약 비준에 대한 내용들.
**조약을 체결하지 않은 프랑스와 이태리에 대해서도 비준 가능성을 열어두고 있음.
**본문에서도 가입하지 않은 프랑스나 이태리에 대한 규정이나 이들을 의식한 규정이 곳곳에 있음.
Article 25
After the deposit of the ratifications of all the High Contracting Parties, His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland will communicate the provisions inserted in Part IV of the present Treaty to all Powers which are not signatories of the said Treaty, inviting them to accede thereto definitely and without limit of time.
Such accession shall be effected by a declaration addressed to His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
**다른 나라들도 가입 시키는데 힘써보겠다는 이야기.
Article 26
The present Treaty, of which the French and English texts are both authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of His Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted to the Governments of all the High Contracting Parties.
IN FAITH WHEREOF the abovenamed Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed thereto their seals.
DONE at London, the twenty-second day of April, nineteen hundred and thirty.
[Signatures omitted.]
**조약 자체에 대한 이야기.
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