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Washington Naval Limitation Treaty of 1922

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CHAPTER I

GENERAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE LIMITATION OF NAVAL ARMAMENT


Article I

The Contracting Powers agree to limit their respective naval armament as provided in the present Treaty.

**조약의 기본 목적.


Article II

The Contracting Powers may retain respectively the capital ships which are specified in Chapter II, Part 1. On the coming into force of the present Treaty, but subject to the following provisions of this Article, all other capital ships, built or building, of the United States, the British Empire and Japan shall be disposed of as prescribed in Chapter II, Part 2.

In addition to the capital ships specified in Chapter II, Part 1, the United States may complete and retain two ships of the West Virginia class now under construction. On the completion of these two ships, the North Dakota and Delaware shall be disposed of as prescribed in Chapter II, Part 2.

The British Empire may, in accordance with the replacement table in Chapter II, Part 3, construct two new capital ships not exceeding 35,000 tons (35,560 metric tons) standard displacement each. On the completion of the said two ships, the Thunderer, King George V, Ajax and Centurion shall be disposed of as prescribed in Chapter II, Part 2.

**조약의 기본적인 내용 - 규정된 함정 이외의 기성/미완성 함정의 폐기.
**예외적으로 미국은 건조중인 두 척의 전함을 완성시킬 수 있음.(BB-45 콜로라도와 BB-46 메릴랜드) 이 두 함정이 완성되면 BB-28 델라웨어와 BB-29 노스 다코타는 폐기됨.
**일본의 16인치함인 나가토와 무츠의 보유가 인정되었기에 미국은 이미 완성된 16인치함 웨스트 버지니아 외에도 건조 중이던 2척을 완성시켜 보유하기로 함.(BB-47 워싱턴은 폐함 처분됨)
**예외적으로 영국은 두 척의 주력함(넬슨, 로드니가 됨)을 각 35000톤 이내로 건조할 수 있음. 이 두 함정이 완성되면 썬더러, KGV, 에이작스, 센추리온은 폐기됨.
**마찬가지 이유로 아직 16인치함을 보유하지 못했던 영국도 2척의 전함을 새로 건조할 수 있게 됨. 3척이 아닌 이유는 15인치함이지만 배수량이 35000톤을 넘는 순양전함 후드의 보유를 인정했기 때문.

**결론적으로 16인치급 전함은 일본이 2척, 미국이 3척, 영국이 2척(+40000톤급 순양전함 후드)를 보유하기로 함.


Article III

Subject to the provisions of Article II, the Contracting Powers shall abandon their respective capital ship-building programmes, and no new capital ships shall be constructed or acquired by any of the Contracting Powers except replacement tonnage, which may be constructed or acquired as specified in Chapter II, Part 3.

Ships which are replaced in accordance with Chapter II, Part 3, shall be disposed of as prescribed in Part 2 of that Chapter.

**챕터 II, 파트3의 대체함 규정에 따르지 않는 신조 주력함 건조의 금지.


Article IV

The total capital ship replacement tonnage of each of the Contracting Powers shall not exceed in standard displacement: for the United States, 525,000 tons (533,400 metric tons); for the British Empire, 525,000 tons (533,400 metric tons); for France, 175,000 tons (177,800 metric tons); for Italy, 175,000 tons (177,800 metric tons); for Japan, 315,000 tons (320,040 metric tons).

**각국의 주력함 보유 총톤수의 상한선(유명한 5 : 5 : 3 : 1.75 : 1.75).


Article V

No capital ship exceeding 35,000 tons, (35,560 metric tons) standard displacement shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the jurisdiction of, any of the Contracting Powers.

**기준 배수량 35000톤 이상 주력함의 보유/건조 금지.


Article VI

No capital ship of any of the Contracting Powers shall carry a gun with a calibre in excess of 16 inches (406 millimetres).

**함포 구경의 상한선은 16인치.


Article VII

The total tonnage for aircraft-carriers of each of the Contracting Powers shall not exceed in standard displacement: for the United States, 135,000 tons (137,160 metric tons); for the British Empire, 135,000 tons (137,160 metric tons); for France, 60,000 tons (60,960 metric tons); for Italy, 60,000 tons (60,960 metric tons); for Japan, 81,000 tons (82,296 metric tons).

**각국의 항공모함 보유 총톤수의 상한선.


Article VIII

The replacement of aircraft-carriers shall be effected only as prescribed in Chapter II, Part 3, provided, however, that all aircraft-carrier tonnage in existence or building on 12 November 1921 shall be considered experimental, and may be replaced, within the total tonnage limit prescribed in Article VII, without regard to its age.

**1921년 11월 12일 이전에 취역했거나 건조중인 항모는 실험 목적의 함정으로 보고 Article VII의 총톤수 내에서 함령에 상관 없이 대체가 가능.
**영국의 Argus, Eagle, Hermes, Furious, 미국의 Langley, 일본의 Hosho 가 여기에 해당. (결국 여기에 의거 대체된 것은 Langley 뿐이지만... - 그것도 이미 무조약시대 들어와서임)


Article IX

No aircraft-carrier exceeding 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the jurisdiction of, any of the Contracting Powers.

However, any of the Contracting Powers may, provided that its total tonnage allowance of aircraft-carriers is not thereby exceeded, build not more than two aircraft-carriers, each of a tonnage of not more than 33,000 tons (33,528 metric tons) standard displacement, and in order to effect economy any of the Contracting Powers may use for this purpose any two of their ships, whether constructed or in course of construction, which would otherwise be scrapped under the provisions of Article II. The armament of any aircraft-carriers exceeding 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement shall be in accordance with the requirements of Article X, except that the total number of guns to be carried, in case any of such guns be of a calibre exceeding 6 inches (152 millimetres), except anti-aircraft guns and guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 millimetres), shall not exceed eight.

**항공모함의 단함 배수량 상한선은 27000톤.
**예외로 워싱턴 조약의 체결에 따라 해체해야만 하는 선체를 사용해 최대 2척까지 항모 건조가 가능. 이 경우 배수량 상한선은 33000톤.
**일본의 카가, 아카기 (둘 다 26900톤), 미국의 렉싱턴, 사라토가 (둘 다 36000톤), 영국의 커레이져스, 글로리어스(둘 다 22500톤)가 이 규정에 따라 항모로 완성/개조 됨.
**렉싱턴과 사라토가는 33000톤을 초과했는데, 미국은 Part 3 Section 1 (d)의 규정에 따라 '개장시 추가 가능한 3000톤'을 사용했을 뿐이라고 주장했음.
**27000톤 이상의 배수량을 지닌 항모도 Article X의 함포 탑재수 제한을 받음. 단, 6인치 이상의 함포는 8문까지 탑재 가능. (렉싱턴과 사라토가가 여기에 해당. 카가와 아카기는 27000톤 미만이므로Article X에 의거, 8인치 10문을 탑재)


Article X

No aircraft-carrier of any of the Contracting Powers shall carry a gun with a calibre in excess of 8 inches (203 millimetres). Without prejudice to the provisions of Article IX, if the armament carried includes guns exceeding 6 inches (152 millimetres) in calibre, the total number of guns carried, except anti-aircraft guns and guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 millimetres), shall not exceed ten. If, alternatively, the armament contains no guns exceeding 6 inches (152 millimetres) in calibre, the number of guns is not limited. In either case the number of anti-aircraft guns and of guns not exceeding 5 inches (127 millimetres) is not limited.

**항모는 최고 8인치 이하의 함포만 탑재 가능. 만약 6인치 이상 함포를 탑재했을 경우 5인치 이상의 함포는 10문을 넘어서는 안됨.
**6인치 이상의 함포를 탑재하지 않을 경우 탑재 함포 숫자는 제한이 없음.
**어떤 경우건 5인치포와 대공포의 탑재 숫자는 상관 없음.


Article XI

No vessel of war exceeding 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement, other than a capital ship or aircraft-carrier, shall be acquired by, or constructed by, for, or within the jurisdiction of, any of the Contracting Powers. Vessels not specifically built as fighting ships nor taken in time of peace under Government control for fighting purposes, which are employed on fleet duties or as troop transports or in some other way for the purpose of assisting in the prosecution of hostilities otherwise than as fighting ships, shall not be within the limitations of this Article.

**주력함과 항모를 제외하고는 1만톤 이상의 전투함은 보유/건조 금지.
**전투를 주목적으로 하지 않는 지원함이나 병력 수송함 같은 함정들은 이 규정에서 제외.


Article XII

No vessel of war of any of the Contracting Powers hereafter laid down, other than a capital ship, shall carry a gun with a calibre in excess of 8 inches (203 millimetres).

**주력함을 제외하고는 8인치 이상의 함포를 탑재하는 함정을 건조해서는 안됨.


Article XIII

Except as provided in Article IX, no ship designated in the present Treaty to be scrapped may be reconverted into a vessel of war.

**Article IX에서 항모로 완성되는 함정을 제외하고는 조약으로 해체될 함정을 군함으로 완성하는 것을 금지.


Article XIV

No preparations shall be made in merchant ships in time of peace for the installation of warlike armaments for the purpose of converting such ships into vessels of war, other than the necessary stiffening of decks for the mounting of guns not exceeding 6 inches (152 millimetres) calibre.

**전시 전투함으로 사용하기 위해 상선에 6인치를 넘지 않는 함포 탑재를 위한 갑판 강화를 제외하고는 무장을 갖출 준비를 하는 것을 금지.(하지만 30년대 들어와 다들 전시개조로 항모로 운용할 수 있는 상선 - 크기나 속도상 주로 여객선 - 을 고려했음. 실제로 이런 상선을 건조한건 일본 정도지만.)


Article XV

No vessel of war constructed within the jurisdiction of any of the Contracting Powers for a non-Contracting Power shall exceed the limitations as to displacement and armament prescribed by the present Treaty for vessels of a similar type which may be constructed by or for any of the Contracting Powers; provided, however, that the displacement for aircraft-carriers constructed for a non-Contracting Power shall in no case exceed 27,000 tons (27,432 metric tons) standard displacement.

**조약을 체결하지 않은 국가를 위해 건조하는 함정도 이 조약의 규정을 따라야 함.
**항모의 경우 27000톤까지만 건조 가능.(즉 33000톤급 항모를 건조해 줄 수 없음)


Article XVI

If the construction of any vessel of war for a non-Contracting Power is undertaken within the jurisdiction of any of the Contracting Powers, such Power shall promptly inform the other Contracting Powers of the date of the signing of the contract and the date on which the keel of the ship is laid; and shall also communicate to them the particulars relating to the ship prescribed in Chapter II, Part 3, Section I(b), (4) and (5).

**조약을 체결하지 않은 국가를 위해 함정을 건조할 경우의 고지 의무.


Article XVII

In the event of a Contracting Power being engaged in war, such Power shall not use as a vessel of war any vessel of war which may be under construction within its jurisdiction for any other Power, or which may have been constructed within its jurisdiction for another Power and not delivered.

**개전시 타국을 위해 건조하던(혹은 완성했지만 전달되지 않은) 함정을 사용하는 것을 금지.
**1차대전 개전 당시 영국이 타국을 위해 건조하던 함정을 다시 구입하거나 압류(!)해서 사용한 적이 있었음.


Article XVIII

Each of the Contracting Powers undertakes not to dispose by gift, sale or any mode of transfer of any vessel of war in such a manner that such vessel may become a vessel of war in the navy of any foreign Power.

**군함 처분시 다른 국가에서 군함으로 사용되도록 처분해서는 안됨.


Article XIX

The United States, the British Empire and Japan agree that the status quo at the time of the signing of the present Treaty, with regard to fortifications and naval bases, shall be maintained in their respective territories and possessions specified hereunder:

(1) The insular possessions which the United States now holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific Ocean, except (a) those adjacent to the coast of the United States, Alaska and the Panama Canal Zone, not including the Aleutian Islands, and (b) the Hawaiian Islands;

(2) Hong Kong and the insular possessions which the British Empire now holds or may hereafter acquire in the Pacific Ocean, east of the meridian of 110º east longitude, except (a) those adjacent to the coast of Canada, (b) the Commonwealth of Australia and its territories, and (c) New Zealand;

(3) The following insular territories and possessions of Japan in the Pacific Ocean, to wit: the Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, and any insular territories or possessions in the Pacific Ocean which Japan may hereafter acquire.

The maintenance of the status quo under the foregoing provisions implies that no new fortifications or naval bases shall be established in the territories and possessions specified; that no measures shall be taken to increase the existing naval facilities for the repair and maintenance of naval forces, and that no increase shall be made in the coast defences of the territories and possessions above specified. This restriction, however, does not preclude such repair and replacement of worn-out weapons and equipment as is customary in naval and military establishments in time of peace.

**일부 전략적 지역을 제외하고는 태평양의 도서지역에서 해군기지나 요새를 건설하지 않기로 함.


Article XX

The rules for determining tonnage displacement prescribed in Chapter II, Part 4, shall apply to the ships of each of the Contracting Powers.

**Chapter II, Part 4 의 규정이 배수량을 정하는데 사용됨.



CHAPTER II

RULES RELATING TO THE EXECUTION OF THE TREATY

DEFINITION OF TERMS


PART I

CAPITAL SHIPS WHICH MAY BE RETAINED BY THE CONTRACTING POWERS
(생략)

**각 조약국이 보유할 수 있는 주력함들의 목록.
**후드는 기준 배수량이 35000톤을 넘는 것에 주의.
**영국과 미국은 건조 중/건조 예정인 2척이 취역할 경우 목록의 함정 중 가장 아래쪽 함정들이 해체된다는 것에 주의.

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PART 2

RULES FOR SCRAPPING VESSELS OF WAR

The following rules shall be observed for the scrapping of vessels of war which are to be disposed of in accordance with Articles II and III.

**폐기 대상 함정들을 어떻게 처리해야 하는 지에 대한 규정들.


I. A vessel to be scrapped must be placed in such condition that it cannot be put to combatant use.

**해체 대상함들이 전투함으로 재사용되는 것을 막기 위해

II. This result must be finally effected in any one of the following ways:

(a) Permanent sinking of the vessel;

**완전히 가라앉히던지.

(b) Breaking the vessel up. This shall always involve the destruction or removal of all machinery, boilers and armour, and all deck, side and bottom plating;

**기관 제거, 보일러와 장갑, 모든 갑판, 외판을 모두 해체하던지.

(c) Converting the vessel to target use exclusively. In such case all the provisions of paragraph III of this Part, except subparagraph (6), in so far as may be necessary to enable the ship to be used as a mobile target, and except subparagraph (7), must be previously complied with. Not more than one capital ship may be retained for this purpose at one time by any of the Contracting Powers.

**표적함으로 사용하던지.
**한번에 한척만 표적함으로 보유 가능. 이동 표적으로 사용하기 위해 장갑과 기관은 유지 가능.

(d) Of the capital ships which would otherwise be scrapped under the present Treaty in or after the year 1931, France and Italy may each retain two sea-going vessels for training purposes exclusively, that is, as gunnery or torpedo schools. The two vessels retained by France shall be of the Jean Bart class, and of those retained by Italy one shall be the Dante Alighieri, the other of the Giulio Cesare class. On retaining these ships for the purpose above stated, France and Italy respectively undertake to remove and destroy their conning-towers, and not to use the said ships as vessels of war.

**프랑스와 이탈리아는 31년이나 이후 대체함 건조로 폐기되어야 할 주력함 중 훈련 목적으로 2척의 주력함을 보유 가능.

III. (a) Subject to the special exceptions contained in Article IX, when a vessel is due for scrapping, the first stage of scrapping, which consists in rendering a ship incapable of further warlike service, shall be immediately undertaken.

(b) A vessel shall be considered incapable of further warlike service when there shall have been removed and landed, or else destroyed in the ship:

(1) All guns and essential portions of guns, fire-control tops and revolving parts of all barbettes and turrets;
(2) All machinery for working hydraulic or electric mountings;
(3) All fire-control instruments and range-finders;
(4) All ammunition, explosives and mines;
(5) All torpedoes, war-heads and torpedo tubes;
(6) All wireless telegraphy installations;
(7) The conning-tower and all side armour, or alternatively all main propelling machinery; and
(8) All landing and flying-off platforms and all other aviation accessories.

** Article IX에 의해 항공모함으로 전환되는 함정들을 제외하고 즉시 해체해야 하는 함정들의 최우선 해체 장비들.

IV. The periods in which scrapping of vessels is to be effected are as follow:

(a) In the case of vessels to be scrapped under the first paragraph of Article II, the work of rendering the vessels incapable of further warlike service, in accordance with paragraph III of this Part, shall be completed within six months from the coming into force of the present Treaty, and the scrapping shall be finally effected within eighteen months from such coming into force.

(b) In the case of vessels to be scrapped under the second and third paragraphs of Article II, or under Article III, the work of rendering the vessel incapable of further warlike service, in accordance with paragraph III of this Part, shall be commenced not later than the date of completion of its successor, and shall be finished within six months from the date of such completion. The vessel shall be finally scrapped, in accordance with paragraph II of this Part, within eighteen months from the date of completion of its successor. If, however, the completion of the new vessel be delayed, then the work of rendering the old vessel incapable of further warlike service, in accordance with paragraph III of this Part, shall be commenced within four years from the laying of the keel of the new vessel, and shall be finished within six months from the date on which such work was commenced, and the old vessel shall be finally scrapped in accordance with paragraph II of this Part, within eighteen months from the date when the work of rendering it incapable of further war-like service was commenced.

**해체 함정들의 해체 기한에 대한 규정들.

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PART 3

REPLACEMENT

The replacement of capital ships and aircraft-carriers shall take place according to the rules in Section I and the tables in Section II of this Part.

**주력함/항모의 대체에 대한 규정들.

Section I

Rules for replacement

(a) Capital ships and aircraft-carriers twenty years after the date of their completion may, except as otherwise provided in Article VIII and in the tables in Section II of this Part, be replaced by new construction, but within the limits prescribed in Article IV and Article VII. The keels of such new construction may, except as otherwise provided in Article VIII and in the tables in Section II of this Part, be laid down not earlier than seventeen years from the date of completion of the tonnage to be replaced, provided, however, that no capital-ship tonnage, with the exception of the ships referred to in the third paragraph of Article II, and the replacement tonnage specifically mentioned in Section II of this Part, shall be laid down until ten years from 12 November 1921.

**주력함과 항모의 함령이 20년이 넘어야 대체가 가능함.
**실험 목적의 항모와 이 파트의 Section II의 표에 언급된 경우를 제외하고는 함령 17년이 되기 전에는 대체함 건조를 시작할 수 없음.
**Article II에서 언급된 전함과 Section II의 표에 언급된 경우를 제외하고는 1921년 11월 12일부터 10년간 신규 주력함의 건조는 금지.

(b) Each of the Contracting Powers shall communicate promptly to each of the other Contracting Powers the following information:

(1) The names of the capital ships and aircraft-carriers to be replaced by new construction;
(2) The date of governmental authorisation of replacement tonnage;
(3) The date of laying the keels of replacement tonnage;
(4) The standard displacement in tons and metric tons of each new ship to be laid down, and the principal dimensions, namely, length at waterline, extreme beam at or below waterline, mean draft at standard displacement;
(5) The date of completion of each new ship and its standard displacement in tons and metric tons, and the principal dimensions, namely, length at waterline, extreme beam at or below waterline, mean draft at standard displacement, at time of completion.

**신규함 건조시 다른 조약국에 대한 고지 의무.

(c) In case of loss or accidental destruction of capital ships or aircraft-carriers, they may immediately be replaced by new construction, subject to the tonnage limits prescribed in Articles IV and VII and in conformity with the other provisions of the present Treaty, the regular replacement program being deemed to be advanced to that extent.

**사고등의 이유로 상실한 함정은 즉시 대체 가능.

(d) No retained capital ships or aircraft-carriers shall be reconstructed except for the purpose of providing means of defence against air and submarine attack, and subject to the following rules: the Contracting Powers may, for that purpose, equip existing tonnage with bulge or blister or anti-air attack deck protection, providing the increase of displacement thus effected does not exceed 3,000 tons (3,048 metric tons) displacement for each ship. No alterations in side armour, in calibre, number or general type of mounting of main armament shall be permitted except:

**기존 보유중인 주력함/항공모함은 공중 공격이나 잠수함 공격에 대한 방어를 위한 목적을 제외하고는 개장을 금지. 이 경우 배수량 증가는 3000톤 이내로 한정됨. 측면 장갑이나 주포의 구경/문수의 변화는 금지됨.
**앞에서 언급한 것처럼, 렉싱톤과 사라토가는 이 규정을 사용해 36000톤 규모로 취역함.

(1) in the case of France and Italy, which countries within the limits allowed for bulge may increase their armour protection and the calibre of the guns now carried on their existing capital ships so as not to exceed 16 inches (406 millimetres) and;

**프랑스와 이탈리아는 3000톤 이내로 장갑 방어와 16인치 이하로 함포를 교체할 수 있음.

(2) the British Empire shall be permitted to complete, in the case of the Renown, the alterations to armour that have already been commenced but temporarily suspended.

**리나운은 진행 중 공사가 중지된 측면 장갑 개장을 완료할 수 있음.
**측면 장갑을 건조 당시의 6인치에서 9인치로 늘이는 개장임. 리펄스는 조약 체결 전에 이 공사를 완료한 상태였음.

Section II

Replacement and scrapping of capital ships

(생략)

**국가별로 폐기/대체함의 건조 일정을 나타낸 표임.
**영,미,일은 각각 2척씩의 구식 함정을 비전투 목적으로 보유했음. 보통 연습함 등의 목적으로 사용되었지만, 미국의 경우 병기고로 사용하기도 했음.


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PART 4

DEFINITIONS

For the purposes of the present Treaty, the following expressions are to be understood in the sense defined in this Part.

**조약에서 사용되는 주요 개념들에 대한 정의들.

Capital ship

A capital ship, in the case of ships hereafter built, is defined as a vessel of war, not an aircraft-carrier, whose displacement exceeds 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement, or which carries a gun with a calibre exceeding 8 inches (203 millimetres).

**10000톤을 넘고 8인치 이상의 함포를 장비한 함정 중 항모 카테고리가 아닌 함정은 주력함으로 분류. 따라서 주력함 할당량을 사용해 항모를 건조하더라도 막을 도리가 없음.(설마 어느 나라가 그랬으랴마는. 하지만 실제 넬슨급 건조 당시 미국에서는 이 두척이 항공전함이라는 소문이 나돌았음)

Aircraft-carrier

An aircraft-carrier is defined as a vessel of war with a displacement in excess of 10,000 tons (10,160 metric tons) standard displacement designed for the specific and exclusive purpose of carrying aircraft. It must be so constructed that aircraft can be launched therefrom and landed thereon, and not designed and constructed for carrying a more powerful armament than that allowed to it under Article IX or Article X as the case may be.

**여기서 배수량 1만톤 이상의 함정만 항공모함으로 보았기 때문에 일본은 1만톤에 미치지 않는 '류조'로 항공모함 총톤수 제한을 피해가고자 했음.(결국 런던 조약으로 이런 꼼수도 안통하게 되지만)

Standard displacement

The standard displacement of a ship is the displacement of the ship complete, fully manned, engined, and equipped ready for sea, including all armament and ammunition, equipment, outfit provisions and fresh water for crew, miscellaneous stores and implements of every description that are intended to be carried in war, but without fuel or reserve feed water on board.

**'기준 배수량'의 정의에 대해 주의. 모든 장비와 인원, 보급품을 탑재한 상태에서 연료와 증기 발생용 예비 관수를 제외한 것임.

The word "ton" in the present Treaty, except in the expression "metric tons", shall be understood to mean the ton of 2,240 pounds (1,016 kilos).

Vessels now completed shall retain their present ratings of displacement tonnage in accordance with their national system of measurement. However, a Power expressing displacement in metric tons shall be considered for the application of the present Treaty as owning only the equivalent displacement in tons of 2,240 pounds.

**'톤'은 '영국톤'을 의미함.(1016kg = 1영국톤)

A vessel completed hereafter shall be rated at its displacement tonnage when in the standard condition defined herein.


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CHAPTER III

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS


Article XXI

If during the term of the present Treaty the requirements of the national security of any Contracting Power in respect of naval defence are, in the opinion of that Power, materially affected by any change of circumstances, the Contracting Powers will, at the request of such Power, meet in conference with a view to the reconsideration of the provisions of the Treaty and its amendment by mutual agreement.

In view of possible technical and scientific developments, the United States, after consultation with the other Contracting Powers, shall arrange for a conference of all the Contracting Powers which shall convene as soon as possible after the expiration of eight years from the coming into force of the present Treaty to consider what changes, if any, in the Treaty may be necessary to meet such developments.

**국가 안보상이나 기술상의 변화가 있었을때의 조약 수정.


Article XXII

Whenever any Contracting Power shall become engaged in a war which in its opinion affects the naval defence of its national security, such Power may after notice to the other Contracting Powers suspend for the period of hostilities its obligations under the present Treaty other than those under Articles XIII and XVII, provided that such Power shall notify the other Contracting Powers that the emergency is of such a character as to require such suspension.

The remaining Contracting Powers shall in such case consult together with a view to agreement as to what temporary modifications, if any, should be made in the Treaty as between themselves. Should such consultation not produce agreement, duly made in accordance with the constitutional methods of the respective Powers, any one of said Contracting Powers may, by giving notice to the other Contracting Powers, suspend for the period of hostilities its obligations under the present Treaty, other than those under Articles XIII and XVII.

On the cessation of hostilities the Contracting Powers will meet in conference to consider what modifications, if any, should be made in the provisions of the present Treaty.

**전쟁 발발시 Articles XIII and XVII을 제외하고는 임시 수정이 가능.


Article XXIII

The present Treaty shall remain in force until 31 December 1936, and in case none of the Contracting Powers shall have given notice two years before that date of its intention to terminate the Treaty, it shall continue in force until the expiration of two years from the date on which notice of termination shall be given by one of the Contracting Powers, whereupon the Treaty shall terminate as regards all the Contracting Powers. Such notice shall be communicated in writing to the Government of the Untied States, which shall immediately transmit a certified copy of the notification to the other Powers and inform them of the date on which it was received. The notice shall be deemed to have been given and shall take effect on that date. In the event of notice of termination being given by the Government of the United States, such notice shall be given to the diplomatic representatives at Washington of the other Contracting Powers, and the notice shall be deemed to have been given and shall take effect on the date of the communication made to the said diplomatic representatives.

Within one year of the date on which a notice of termination by any Power has taken effect, all the Contracting Powers shall meet in conference.

**조약의 유효기간은 1936년 12월 31일까지. 조약 탈퇴국은 2년 전에 탈퇴의사를 밝혀야 함.


Article XXIV

The present Treaty shall be ratified by the Contracting Powers in accordance with their respective constitutional methods and shall take effect on the date of the deposit of all the ratifications, which shall take place at Washington as soon as possible. The Government of the United States will transmit to the other Contracting Powers a certified copy of the proces-verbal of the deposit of ratifications.

The present Treaty, of which the French and English texts are both authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States, and duly certified copies thereof shall be transmitted by that Government to the other Contracting Powers.


IN FAITH WHEREOF the abovenamed Plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty.


DONE at the City of Washington the sixth day of February, One Thousand Nine Hundred and Twenty-Two.

[Signatures omitted]

**조약 자체의 체결에 대한 이야기들.